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Ruler of the aboriginal region of Aquitaine

The Duke of Aquitaine (Occitan: Duc d'Aquitània, French: Duc d'Aquitaine, IPA: [dyk dakitɛn]) was the ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine (non to be confused with modernistic-day Aquitaine) under the supremacy of Frankish, English language, and later on French kings.

Equally successor states of the Visigothic Kingdom (418–721), Aquitania (Aquitaine) and Languedoc (Toulouse) inherited both Visigothic law and Roman Police, which together allowed women more than rights than their contemporaries would savour until the 20th century. Peculiarly under the Liber Judiciorum as codified 642/643 and expanded by the Code of Recceswinth in 653, women could inherit land and title and manage information technology independently from their husbands or male relations, dispose of their belongings in legal wills if they had no heirs, represent themselves and bear witness in courtroom from the age of 14, and arrange for their ain marriages afterward the age of 20.^[1] Every bit a consequence, male-preference primogeniture was the practiced succession law for the nobility.

Coronation [edit]

The Merovingian kings and dukes of Aquitaine had their capital at Toulouse. The Carolingian kings used different capitals situated further north. In 765, Pepin the Short bestowed the captured aureate banner of the Aquitainian duke, Waiffre, on the Abbey of Saint Martial in Limoges. Pepin I of Aquitaine was cached in Poitiers. Charles the Child was crowned at Limoges and cached at Bourges. When Aquitaine briefly asserted its independence later the death of Charles the Fat, it was Ranulf II of Poitou who took the regal championship. In the late tenth century, Louis the Indolent was crowned at Brioude.

The Aquitainian ducal coronation process is preserved in a late 12th-century ordo (formula) from Saint-Étienne in Limoges, based on an earlier Romano-German language ordo. In the early thirteenth century a commentary was added to this ordo, which emphasised Limoges as the capital letter of Aquitaine. The ordo indicated that the duke received a silk mantle, coronet, imprint, sword, spurs, and the ring of Saint Valerie.

Visigothic dukes [edit]

Suatrius (flor. 493), captured by Clovis I during the First Franco-Visigothic War ^[2]

Dukes of Aquitaine under Frankish kings [edit]

Merovingian kings are in boldface.

Chram (555–560)
Desiderius (583–587, jointly with Bladast)
Bladast (583–587, jointly with Desiderius)
Gundoald (584/585)
Austrovald (587–589)
Sereus (589–592)
Chlothar II (592–629)
Charibert II (629–632)
Chilperic (632)
Boggis (632–660)
Felix (660–670)
Lupus I (670–676)
Odo the Bully (688–735), his reign commenced perhaps as belatedly as 692, 700, or 715, unclear parentage
Hunald I (735–745), son of Odo the Neat, abdicated to a monastery
Waifer (745–768), son of Hunald I
Hunald II (768–769), probably son of Waifer
Lupo Two (768–781), Duke of Gascony, opposed Charlemagne's rule and Hunald'southward relatives.

Straight rule of Carolingian kings [edit]

Restored dukes of Aquitaine under Frankish kings [edit]

The Carolingian kings over again appointed Dukes of Aquitaine, start in 852, and over again since 866. Later, this duchy was also called Guyenne.

House of Poitiers (Ramnulfids) [edit]

Ranulph I (852–866), Count of Poitiers from 835, Duke of Aquitaine from 852.
Ranulph Ii (887–890), son of Ranulf I, also Count of Poitiers, called himself Male monarch of Aquitaine from 888 until his expiry.

House of Auvergne [edit]

William I the Pious (893–918), also Count of Auvergne
William II the Younger (918–926), nephew of William I, also Count of Auvergne.
Acfred (926–927), brother of William II, also Count of Auvergne.

Firm of Poitiers (Ramnulfids) restored (927–932) [edit]

Ebalus the Bastard (likewise called Manzer) (927–932)), illegitimate son of Ranulph II and distant cousin of Acfred, also Count of Poitiers and Auvergne.

House of Rouergue [edit]

Raymond I Pons (932–936)
Raymond II (936–955)

Business firm of Capet [edit]

Hugh the Great (955–962)

Business firm of Poitiers (Ramnulfids) restored (962–1152) [edit]

William 3 Towhead (962–963), son of Ebalus, also Count of Poitiers and Auvergne.
William 4 Iron Arm (963–995), son of William III, also Count of Poitiers.
William V the Nifty (995–1030), son of William Four, also Count of Poitiers.
William VI the Fatty (1030–38), first son of William V, also Count of Poitiers.
Odo (1038–39), second son of William Five, likewise Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
William VII the Eagle (1039–58), 3rd son of William V, also Count of Poitiers.
William VIII (1058–86), fourth son of William V, also Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
William Nine the Troubadour (or the Younger) (1086–1127), son of William Eight, likewise Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
William X the Saint (1127–37), son of William IX, also Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
Eleanor of Aquitaine (1137–1204), daughter of William X, likewise Countess of Poitiers and Duchess of Gascony, married the kings of French republic and England in succession.
- Louis the Younger (1137–52), also King of French republic, duke in right of his married woman.

From 1152, the Duchy of Aquitaine was held past the Plantagenets, who as well ruled England every bit contained monarchs and held other territories in France by separate inheritance (run across Plantagenet Empire). The Plantagenets were oft more powerful than the kings of French republic, and their reluctance to do homage to the kings of France for their lands in France was one of the major sources of disharmonize in medieval Western Europe.

House of Plantagenet [edit]

Henry I (Henry 2 of England) (1152–89), as well King of England, duke in right of his wife Eleanor.
Richard I Lionheart (1189–99), also King of England, duke in correct of his mother.
John I (1199–1216), as well King of England, duke in right of his mother until her death in 1204.
Henry II (Henry III of England) (1216–72), too King of England.
Edward I Longshanks (1272–1307), also King of England.
Edward Ii (1307–25), also King of England.
Edward Iii (1325–62), also King of England

Richard the Lionheart was outlived past his mother Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1189, she acted as regent for the Duchy while he was on crusade — a position he resumed on his return to Europe.

Plantagenet rulers of Aquitaine [edit]

In 1337, King Philip VI of French republic reclaimed the fief of Aquitaine from Edward III, Rex of England. Edward in turn claimed the championship of King of France, by right of his descent from his maternal grandpa Male monarch Philip Four of French republic. This triggered the Hundred Years' War, in which both the Plantagenets and the House of Valois claimed supremacy over Aquitaine.

In 1360, both sides signed the Treaty of Brétigny, in which Edward renounced the French crown but remained sovereign Lord of Aquitaine (rather than but duke). Even so, when the treaty was broken in 1369, both these English claims and the war resumed.

In 1362, Rex Edward III, as Lord of Aquitaine, made his eldest son Edward, Prince of Wales, Prince of Aquitaine.

Edward the Black Prince (1362–72), first son of Edward III and Queen Philippa, also Prince of Wales.

In 1390, King Richard Ii, son of Edward the Black Prince, appointed his uncle John of Gaunt Knuckles of Aquitaine. This grant expired upon the Duke'southward death, and the dukedom reverted to the Crown. Regardless, due to Henry 4's seizure of the crown, he all the same came into possession of the dukedom. ^[three] ^{[ better source needed ]}

John of Gaunt (1390–1399), 4th son of Edward 3 and Queen Philippa, also Duke of Lancaster.
Henry IV of England (1399–1400), seized the throne of England, to whose demesne the duchy had reverted upon the expiry of his begetter John of Gaunt, merely ceded it to his son upon becoming King of England.
Henry V of England (1400–1422), son of Henry IV, also King of England 1413–22.

Henry Five connected to rule over Aquitaine as Rex of England and Lord of Aquitaine. He invaded France and emerged victorious at the siege of Harfleur and the Boxing of Agincourt in 1415. He succeeded in obtaining the French crown for his family by the Treaty of Troyes in 1420. Henry V died in 1422, when his son Henry Half dozen inherited the French throne at the age of less than a year; his reign saw the gradual loss of English control of France.

Valois and Bourbon dukes of Aquitaine [edit]

The Valois kings of France, challenge supremacy over Aquitaine, granted the championship of duke to their heirs, the Dauphins.

John Two (1345–50), son of Philip VI of France, acceded in 1350 as King of France.
Charles, Dauphin of France, Duke of Guyenne (1392?–1401), son of Charles VI of French republic, Dauphin.
Louis (1401–xv), son of Charles VI of France, Dauphin.

With the end of the Hundred Years' War, Aquitaine returned under direct rule of the king of France and remained in the possession of the king. Only occasionally was the duchy or the title of duke granted to another member of the dynasty.

Charles, Duc de Berry (1469–72), son of Charles VII of France.
Xavier (1753–54), second son of Louis, Dauphin of France.

The Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, son of Alfonso XIII of Spain, was one of the Legitimist pretenders to the French throne; as such he named his son, Gonzalo, Duke of Aquitaine (1972–2000); Gonzalo had no legitimate children.

Family unit tree [edit]

Run into also [edit]

List of Aquitainian consorts

References [edit]

^ Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane; A History of Women: Book Two Silences of the Middle Ages, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England. 1992, 2000 (5th printing). Affiliate vi, "Women in the 5th to the Tenth Century" by Suzanne Fonay Wemple, pg 74. According to Wemple, Visigothic women of Spain and the Aquitaine could inherit land and title and manage it independently of their husbands, and dispose of it as they saw fit if they had no heirs, and represent themselves in court, appear as witnesses (past the historic period of 14), and adjust their own marriages past the age of twenty
^ Lemovicensis, Ruricius; Limoges), Ruricius I. (Bishop of (1999). Ruricius of Limoges and Friends: A Collection of Letters from Visigothic Gaul. Liverpool Academy Press. p. 15. ISBN9780853237037.
^ "Would the grant of Aquitaine to John of Gaunt in 1399 have been inherited by Henry Bolingbroke had the latter not been exiled by Richard II?" at researchgate.cyberspace

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine